高频短语与句型¶
按语言功能整理经济金融表达。补充资料用于术语查阅;本页全部英文例句为学习例句,不暗示来源机构发表过这些句子。
政策目标与操作¶
| 表达 | 中文义与关联搭配 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| tighten monetary policy | 收紧货币政策;raise interest rates、contain inflation |
IMF |
| ease monetary policy | 放松货币政策;lower interest rates、support economic activity |
IMF |
| restore price stability | 恢复价格稳定;央行政策目标表达 | IMF |
| bring inflation down | 降低通胀;bring + 名词 + down |
IMF |
| fiscal adjustment | 财政调整;原资料侧重 reduce deficits and debt,一般术语仍须按具体政策方向理解 |
IMF |
| set a target range for the federal funds rate | 设定联邦基金利率目标区间;美国 Fed 政策语境 | Federal Reserve |
学习例句:
The central bank tightened monetary policy to contain inflation.央行收紧货币政策以抑制通胀。The bank eased monetary policy as activity weakened.随着经济活动减弱,央行放松了货币政策。The policy aims to restore price stability.该政策旨在恢复价格稳定。The measures are intended to bring inflation down gradually.这些措施旨在逐步降低通胀。Fiscal adjustment reduced the government deficit.财政调整减少了政府赤字。The FOMC set a target range for the federal funds rate.联邦公开市场委员会设定了联邦基金利率目标区间。
传导与对外账户¶
| 表达 | 中文义与语境 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| influence short-term interest rates | 影响短期利率;利率传导 | Federal Reserve |
| affect spending decisions | 影响支出决定;家庭及企业支出 | Federal Reserve |
| lower bond yields | 压低债券收益率;资产购买、价格与收益率关系 | ECB |
| current-account surplus/deficit | 经常账户顺差/赤字;对外账户余额 | IMF |
学习例句:
The decision influenced short-term interest rates.该决定影响了短期利率。Higher rates affect spending decisions.更高的利率影响支出决定。Asset purchases can lower bond yields.资产购买可以压低债券收益率。The economy recorded a current-account deficit.该经济体录得经常账户赤字。
流动性、信用与财务¶
| 表达 | 中文义与语境 | 来源 |
|---|---|---|
| provide liquidity to the market | 向市场提供流动性;央行工具或危机应对 | IMF |
| meet financial obligations as they fall due | 到期时履行金融义务;funding liquidity 语境 | BIS |
| hold sufficient high-quality liquid assets | 持有足够高质量流动性资产;LCR 与压力情景 | BIS LCR |
| estimate probability of default | 估计违约概率;信用风险计量 | BIS |
| report a loss | 报告亏损;公司财务与会计 | Cambridge |
| operating loss | 营业亏损;营业成本及经营费用超过营业收入 | Cambridge |
学习例句:
The facility was created to provide liquidity to the market.该工具旨在向市场提供流动性。A bank must meet its financial obligations as they fall due.银行必须在到期时履行金融义务。Banks hold HQLA to survive a stressed period.银行持有高质量流动性资产以应对压力期。The model estimates PD for each borrower.该模型估计每位借款人的违约概率。The company reported a loss for the year.公司报告该年度亏损。The company recorded an operating loss.公司录得营业亏损。
题库表达¶
| 表达 | 中文义与语境 | 文字来源 |
|---|---|---|
| mark assets to market prices | 按市场价格计量资产;原笔记中的会计估值表达,常见概括为 mark to market | 国家开发银行 |
| overstate losses | 高估损失;市场价格是否夸大损失的讨论 | 国家开发银行 |
| account credit | 账户抵扣或入账贷项;信用卡优惠 | 中国银行练习题2 |
| annual percentage rate (APR) | 年百分率;借贷成本披露指标,详见货币银行词汇 | 中国银行练习题2的商务词汇笔记 |
句型边界¶
The policy is intended to ...表示目标或意图,不代表已经实现。Changes in X affect Y through Z.描述传导机制;affect 是动词,effect 在此类表达中通常为名词,但也可作动词“实现、促成”。X is associated with Y.表示相关,不自动表示因果。X puts pressure on Y.=X 对 Y 施加压力,常与 inflation、margins、liquidity 等语境搭配。unless ...表示“除非”;原笔记保留unless banks carry toxic assets ...这一未展开的条件片段(文字来源:国家开发银行),不推测补全原句。
mark to market、fair value、market value 的制度含义需结合会计准则,不扩展为等义词。APR 的计算和披露规则因法域、产品和监管制度而异。